What is the route of infection of pelvic inflammatory disease?

Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually a mixed infection caused by the above pathogens. Even the so-called specific pelvic inflammatory disease, such as gonococci or tuberculosis, is usually not a single bacterial infection, but may be combined with other pathogens, usually a mixed infection of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Anaerobic bacteria account for about 60-70% of 60 kinds of bacteria. Severe pelvic inflammation or pelvic abscess is usually a mixed infection of Escherichia coli and certain anaerobic bacteria, and the smelly pus is caused by anaerobic bacteria rather than Escherichia coli.

There are four types of pelvic inflammatory disease:

1. Spread through the lymphatic system

Bacteria, pathogens and other lymphatic vessels invade the pelvic connective tissue and other parts of the internal reproductive organs. It is the main transmission route of puerperal infection, post-abortion infection and post-intrauterine contraceptive device infection, and is more common in streptococcal, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacterial infections.

2. Spread along the genital mucosa

After the pathogen invades the vulva and vagina, it spreads along the mucosal surface through the cervix, endometrium, and fallopian tube mucosa to the ovaries and abdominal cavity. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Staphylococcus aureus spread in this way.

3. Direct spread

After other organs in the abdominal cavity are infected, they spread directly to the internal reproductive organs. For example, appendicitis can cause right salpingitis.

4. Transmission through menstrual blood circulation is also a route of infection for pelvic inflammatory disease

The pathogen first invades other systems of the human body and then infects the genitals through the blood circulation. It is the main route of tuberculosis infection.