What are the surgical treatments for uterine fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyoma, are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive organs. They are common in daily life and have a great impact on women, so early diagnosis and early treatment are very important. Currently, clinical treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment, etc., among which surgical treatment methods mainly include the following aspects:

1. Myomectomy

The main applicable population is under 45 years old, especially patients under 40 years old; infertile women; women who have given birth and whose fibroids are larger than 6 cm; those with menorrhagia and ineffective conservative drug treatment; those with compression symptoms; and those with fast-growing submucosal fibroids. The surgical method is mainly to remove the fibroids on the uterus and retain the uterus. It should be noted that hemostatic drugs and antibiotics are required after surgery; those who are not pregnant should use contraception for 1 to 2 years; and future pregnancies should be alert to uterine rupture and placenta implantation. Since there is a possibility of recurrence after uterine myomectomy, patients should have regular follow-up examinations.

2. Hysterectomy

Patients who cannot improve symptoms through expectant therapy and drug therapy and need surgical treatment but do not meet the indications for myomectomy can use hysterectomy to treat uterine myoma. Hysterectomy includes total hysterectomy and supravaginal hysterectomy. Currently, total hysterectomy is generally advocated in clinical practice, especially for those with severe cervical hypertrophy, laceration or erosion. If the patient's general condition is poor or the hospital's technical conditions are limited, subtotal hysterectomy can also be performed, but regular follow-up is required to prevent malignant transformation.