What are the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea?

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. Many female friends experience unbearable pain during or before and after menstruation, which affects their study and work. Primary dysmenorrhea is mainly related to the excessive level of prostaglandin (PG) F2α in the endometrium during the patient's secretory period, which can return to normal after delivery. So what causes secondary dysmenorrhea? Let's talk about the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea .

The common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea are as follows:

1. Reproductive tract malformation : Reproductive tract malformation is a common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea. During embryonic development, one side of the mesonephric duct can develop well, forming a well-developed unicornuate uterus. However, the other side of the mesonephric duct develops poorly, forming a rudimentary horn or primordial uterus, which is not connected to the opposite side and does not lead to the body. The primordial uterus generally has no uterine cavity, or has a uterine cavity but lacks endometrium; if the primordial uterus has a functional response, manifested as periodic bleeding, dysmenorrhea can be caused by uterine cavity blood accumulation. Most patients are young girls.

2. Intrauterine contraceptive device : Intrauterine contraceptive device may also be the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea: This type of dysmenorrhea may be caused by an increase in prostaglandins produced by the endometrium, or it may be that the contraceptive device stimulates the rejection contraction of the uterine muscles, leading to spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen. Patients often have discomfort in the lower abdomen or lumbar region, and their menstrual symptoms are aggravated, manifested as dysmenorrhea. Improper placement of the contraceptive device or excessive size can also easily cause uterine contractions, leading to lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea.

3. Uterine fibroids : Dysmenorrhea is not the main symptom of uterine fibroids, but submucosal fibroids can cause spasmodic pain during menstruation due to stimulation of uterine contraction. Patients often have menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination can reveal varying degrees of enlargement of the uterus, with a smooth surface or nodular protrusions.

4. Pelvic endometriosis : Dysmenorrhea is the main symptom of endometriosis. The ectopic endometrial tissue in the ovaries, uterine cuboid ligaments, uterorectal fossa and pelvic peritoneum is also affected by ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle and has periodic changes.

5. Pelvic venous congestion syndrome : This disease is a female internal reproductive organ disease caused by chronic pelvic venous congestion. The main clinical manifestations are pelvic distension, lower abdominal and lumbar pain, and are often accompanied by menorrhagia, increased leucorrhea and dysmenorrhea.

6. Adenomyosis : A benign disease caused by the invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. Dysmenorrhea is one of the typical symptoms of this disease. There may also be increased menstrual flow or prolonged menstruation. Gynecological examination shows that the uterus is uniformly enlarged and spherical, with a hard texture, generally about the size of a 2-month pregnancy. There may be mild tenderness.

The above are the common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea. I hope it can help you. If you have more questions, please feel free to consult our online experts.

For more information, please visit the dysmenorrhea disease special topic at http://www..com.cn/fuke/tongjing/ or consult an expert for free. The expert will then give a detailed answer based on the patient's specific situation.