What are the causes of hydatidiform mole?

The causes of hydatidiform mole mainly include genetic abnormalities, maternal factors and environmental factors, which together may lead to abnormal growth of pregnancy tissue. Identifying the cause can help early detection and intervention, and prevent the disease from further deterioration or recurrence.

1Genetic abnormalities are the main cause of hydatidiform mole

The formation of a hydatidiform mole is usually related to abnormalities in the embryo's genetic material. One common scenario is a "complete hydatidiform mole," in which the egg lacks a nucleus and, after combining with sperm, results in an embryo composed entirely of the father's genetic material; another is a "partial hydatidiform mole," in which the egg cell and two sperm are fertilized at the same time, resulting in an embryo with too many chromosomes. These genetic abnormalities interfere with normal embryonic development and cause abnormal proliferation of chorionic villus tissue. Genetic abnormalities are usually not preventable, but genetic counseling before pregnancy, especially for women with a history of abnormal pregnancies, can help reduce the risk.

2Maternal factors may also play a promoting role

Maternal health and glandular dysfunction may increase the risk of hydatidiform mole. For example, if the pregnant woman is too young (less than 20 years old) or too old (more than 40 years old), or has a history of hydatidiform mole, the risk of abnormalities in the next pregnancy may increase. Lack of nutrients such as vitamin A and folic acid may affect the embryonic development process and increase the risk of hydatidiform mole. Paying attention to balanced nutrition intake during pregnancy, especially supplementing with carrots and pumpkins rich in vitamin A, and green leafy vegetables rich in folic acid, can help reduce the risk.

3 Environmental factors and external influences cannot be ignored

Exposure to harmful chemicals in the environment may be a contributing factor, such as long-term exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, etc. The presence of radioactive pollution or pesticide residues in the living environment is also believed to be related to gonadal cell damage. It is recommended to avoid exposure to adverse chemical environments before pregnancy and maintain a good lifestyle, such as stopping smoking and drinking, which can effectively reduce such risks.

4 Diseases and pathological factors may be involved

Certain medical backgrounds can also increase the risk of hydatidiform mole. For example, women with polycystic ovary syndrome or a history of adverse genital diseases may be more susceptible to hydatidiform mole. For women with some immune-related diseases, the inability of the immune system to correctly identify the abnormal development of the embryo may occur. In view of these situations, regular prenatal check-ups are particularly important. Cooperating with doctors to keep a good record of medical history can help detect related problems early.

Hydatidiform mole is the result of a combination of factors. Genetic abnormalities, maternal health and environmental factors are all risk points that cannot be ignored. Regular prenatal checkups during pregnancy are the key to early detection of the disease, especially for high-risk pregnant women. Ensuring balanced nutrition and staying away from harmful environments can effectively reduce the possibility of the disease. If diagnosed, you need to cooperate with the doctor for treatment to prevent further growth of abnormal tissue or the risk of cancer.