A complete guide to preventing miscarriage

Women often have a special psychological state during pregnancy. They are full of joy but also worry about the arrival of the child. After all, we cannot see the fetus in the belly with our naked eyes, so they instinctively start to worry about the health of the fetus and are even more worried about miscarriage. In order to reduce the incidence of miscarriage, we will introduce some common sense about the causes and prevention of miscarriage below.

There are many reasons for spontaneous abortion, mainly:

1. Genetic defects: Chromosomal abnormalities in either spouse can be passed down to the next generation. Fifty percent of embryos with chromosomal abnormalities will experience early spontaneous abortion. Chromosomal abnormalities include: ① Numerical abnormalities: Trisomy, X-monosomy, triploidy, etc. ② Structural abnormalities: Mostly chromosome breakage, inversion, deletion, and translocation. Even if a few embryos with chromosomal abnormalities are carried to term, they will be deformed or have functional defects after birth. If a miscarriage occurs, the product of pregnancy is sometimes only an empty gestational sac or a degenerated embryo.

2. Maternal factors

(1) Systemic diseases: Systemic infection during pregnancy and high fever can cause uterine contraction and lead to miscarriage. Bacterial toxins and viruses (such as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, etc.) enter the fetal blood circulation through the placenta, causing fetal death and miscarriage; severe anemia or heart failure in pregnant women can cause fetal hypoxia and also cause miscarriage; chronic nephritis or hypertension in pregnant women can also cause placental infarction and cause miscarriage.

(2) Reproductive organ abnormalities: Uterine malformations (such as uterine hypoplasia, didelphys, uterine septum, etc.) and uterine tumors (such as submucosal fibroids, etc.) can affect embryo implantation and development and lead to miscarriage. Severe cervical lacerations and relaxation of the internal cervical os can lead to premature rupture of membranes and late spontaneous abortion.

(3) Endocrine abnormalities: Hypothyroidism, uncontrolled severe diabetes, and luteal insufficiency can all lead to miscarriage.

(4) Bad habits: Excessive smoking, alcoholism, excessive drinking of coffee, heroin and other drugs can all cause miscarriage.

(5) Traumatic stimulation: severe shock and uterine trauma (such as surgery, direct impact, excessive sexual intercourse) can also lead to miscarriage; mental trauma such as excessive tension, anxiety, fear, sadness, etc. have also been reported to cause miscarriage.

3. Abnormal immune function: Pregnancy is similar to allogeneic transplantation. There is a complex and special immunological relationship between the embryo and the mother, so that the embryo is not rejected. If the mother and the child are not immune compatible, it may cause the mother to reject the embryo and cause miscarriage. Immune factors related to miscarriage include paternal histocompatibility antigens (HLA), fetal antigens, blood type antigens (ABO and Rh), insufficient maternal blocking antibodies during pregnancy, insufficient maternal cytotoxic antibodies against paternal lymphocytes, excessive production of antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women, and the presence of antisperm antibodies.

4. Environmental factors: Excessive exposure to chemicals such as arsenic, lead, formaldehyde, benzene, chloroprene, and ethylene oxide can cause miscarriage.

Prevention of Spontaneous Abortion

1. Get pregnant at the right age. The best childbearing age for women is 25-29 years old. If you are too young, you may easily have a miscarriage due to immature body development. If you are too old, you may easily have a miscarriage due to decreased reproductive function and chromosomal mutations.

2. You should wait for more than half a year after a miscarriage, and wait until the uterus has fully recovered and the body's qi and blood have recovered before getting pregnant again.

3. Do a pre-pregnancy physical examination, especially for women with a history of miscarriage. If any disease is found, treatment should be sought first and pregnancy should be delayed until the disease is cured.

4. Avoid contact with toxic substances after pregnancy; avoid strenuous exercise; avoid rough sex; do not smoke or drink; eat less or no irritating food; avoid negative emotional stimulation and maintain a good attitude; avoid contact with pets before and after pregnancy; avoid unclean sex. At the same time, family members should give pregnant women full understanding and care.