How to check patients with cervical warts

In real life, we all know that cervical warts not only affect the patient's health and life, so we must detect the disease in time, treat the disease of cervical warts as early as possible, and try to avoid disharmony in family relationships. So how to detect the disease and confirm cervical warts? This is a question that many people are concerned about. So, how to check urethral cervical warts? The following is a detailed introduction.

Cervical warts are a common sexually transmitted disease, mainly caused by human papillomavirus. They are prone to occur in the coronal sulcus, glans penis, foreskin, frenulum, urethral opening, and rarely in the penis body. In the early stage of the disease, there are light red or dirty red millet-shaped vegetations of different sizes, which are similar in shape to papules, nipples, cauliflower, etc. They are delicate in nature, slightly pointed at the top, and painless, and gradually grow or increase in number. The base of the vegetation is slightly wide or has bands, and there are particles on the surface. The surface is moist or bleeding. There is often pus concentrated between the particles, emitting a foul odor, and secondary suppuration may occur after scratching. Genital warts located in dry areas with low humidity are flat wart-like. Warts located in hot and humid areas often appear filamentous or papilloma-like, and are easy to merge into large clumps. Some patients who are similar to those infected with this virus can be judged based on these symptoms.

1. Acetowhitening test: Applying 3-5% acetic acid solution topically or wet compressing for 5-10 minutes can cause whitening in the HPV-infected area, the so-called "acetowhitening phenomenon". However, the specificity is not high, and some chronic inflammations, such as candidal vulvitis, genital trauma and non-specific inflammation, can all produce false positives.

2. Cytological examination uses vaginal or cervical wart tissue smears and Papanicolaou staining. Two types of cells can be seen, namely vacuolated cells and dyskeratotic cells, which exist at the same time, which has diagnostic value for cervical warts.

3. Histopathological examination, such as the presence of vacuolated cells above the spinous layer and in the granular layer, is important evidence for diagnosing HPV infection.

4. Immunological tests use antibodies against HPV proteins to detect HPV antigens in diseased tissues. This method is not very sensitive, with a detection rate of only about 50%.

5. Nucleic acid hybridization test is an important means of detecting HPV infection, including dot blot, tissue in situ hybridization, and nucleic acid imprint (Southern blot). These methods have high specificity and sensitivity and are sensitive and reliable methods for diagnosing HPV infection. However, the technical operation is cumbersome and has not been widely used in clinical practice.

6. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the most sensitive method for detecting HPV infection, and can also perform type-specific analysis. It has the characteristics of high sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity. It has been widely used in clinical practice.

I believe that many people have a certain understanding of cervical condyloma, but we should also pay attention that not all patients have a complete course of disease and typical skin damage manifestations. At this time, laboratory tests must be used. The most commonly used and simplest method is the acetic acid white test. The acetic acid white test can also be used at home. Edible vinegar is diluted with water in a certain proportion to become 5% acetic acid. 5% acetic acid is applied or soaked with gauze to the suspected lesions. Women need 3 to 5 minutes, men need 1 minute, and the perianal area needs 15 minutes to observe the changes in the suspicious area or warts. If it turns white within the specified time, a diagnosis is made in combination with other conditions.