What causes cervicitis?

Cervicitis is mainly caused by infection, physical or chemical stimulation, immune factors and other reasons. Common causes include bacterial, viral, fungal infection, unclean sexual life, hormone level changes, etc. Treatment should be based on the cause of the disease, including anti-infection drugs, local treatment or lifestyle adjustments.

1. Infection factors

Bacteria, viruses and fungi are the main pathogens of cervicitis. Common bacterial infections include gonococci, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc. Viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) are also relatively common. Fungal infections such as Candida may also cause cervicitis. These pathogens invade the cervix through sexual intercourse, unclean hygiene habits or low immunity, causing inflammation.

2. Physical or chemical stimulation

Long-term use of vaginal washes, condom lubricants or sanitary napkins containing irritating ingredients may damage the cervical mucosa and cause inflammation. Frequent sexual intercourse, cervical surgery or mechanical damage during childbirth may also cause cervicitis.

3. Changes in hormone levels

During the menstrual cycle, pregnancy or menopause, women's hormone levels fluctuate greatly, which may cause the cervical mucosa to lose resistance and become more susceptible to pathogens. When estrogen levels are too low, the cervical mucosa becomes thinner and more prone to inflammation.

4. Immune factors

When the immune system is under-functioning, the body's defenses against pathogens are weakened, making it more susceptible to infection. People who are under long-term stress, malnourished, have chronic diseases, or use immunosuppressants have a higher incidence of cervicitis.

Treatment

1. Drug treatment

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline; viral infections such as HPV require antiviral drugs such as interferon; fungal infections require antifungal drugs such as fluconazole. Local treatments such as vaginal suppositories and washes can also relieve symptoms.

2. Lifestyle Adjustment

Keep the vulva clean and dry, and avoid using irritating lotions. Pay attention to hygiene during sex and use condoms. Avoid frequent use of sanitary napkins or panty liners, and choose cotton underwear with good breathability.

3. Enhance immunity

Eat a balanced diet and eat more foods rich in vitamins C, E and zinc, such as citrus fruits, nuts and whole grains. Do moderate exercise, such as yoga and jogging, to help improve immunity. Maintain a good work and rest schedule and avoid excessive fatigue.

The treatment of cervicitis should be based on the specific cause and symptoms. Cervicitis caused by infection requires timely use of anti-infective drugs, inflammation caused by physical or chemical stimulation should avoid contact with irritating substances, and inflammation related to hormones and immune factors should be prevented by adjusting lifestyle and enhancing immunity. Regular gynecological examinations can help detect and treat cervicitis early and avoid worsening of the disease.