What causes functional uterine bleeding?

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal uterine bleeding caused by endocrine disorders, endometrial abnormalities or organic diseases, which is common in adolescent and perimenopausal women. Treatment should be based on the cause, including medication, surgery or lifestyle adjustments.

1. Endocrine disorders

The most common cause of functional uterine bleeding is endocrine disorders, especially imbalances in estrogen and progesterone levels. Adolescent women are prone to ovulation disorders because their ovarian function is not yet mature; perimenopausal women have unstable hormone secretion due to ovarian dysfunction. These conditions can cause excessive proliferation or incomplete shedding of the endometrium, causing irregular bleeding. In treatment, doctors often use oral contraceptives to regulate hormone levels, or use progesterone drugs to promote endometrial shedding.

2. Abnormal endometrium

Abnormal proliferation or inflammation of the endometrium may also cause functional uterine bleeding. For example, diseases such as endometrial polyps and adenomyosis can change the structure of the endometrium and affect normal shedding. In such cases, the doctor may recommend hysteroscopy to confirm the diagnosis and choose drug treatment such as mifepristone or surgical treatment such as endometrial resection based on the results.

3. Organic diseases

Certain organic diseases, such as uterine fibroids and endometrial cancer, may also present as functional uterine bleeding. These diseases need to be diagnosed through imaging examinations such as B-ultrasound, MRI or pathological biopsy. Treatment methods include drug therapy such as GnRH agonists, surgical treatment such as uterine myomectomy, or comprehensive treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

4. Lifestyle Adjustment

In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle adjustments are also crucial. Patients are advised to maintain a regular schedule and avoid overwork; eat more iron-rich foods such as red meat and spinach to prevent anemia; and exercise such as yoga and walking can help regulate endocrine. Excessive psychological stress may also aggravate symptoms. It is recommended to relieve stress through meditation, psychological counseling, etc.

The causes of functional uterine bleeding are complex, and treatments vary from person to person. If abnormal bleeding occurs, you should seek medical attention promptly and choose a suitable treatment plan after the cause is identified. At the same time, supporting treatment with a healthy lifestyle can effectively improve symptoms and improve quality of life.